Govan Mbeki

African Revolutionary Writers, Part 5a

Govan Mbeki, 1910 - 2001

The main item today is Chapter 7, “The New Offensive: The ANC after 1949”, from “The Struggle for Liberation in South Africa” by Govan Mbeki, published in 1992 (download linked below).

Right at the beginning of this chapter Mbeki recalls the joint ANC/CPSA protest against the Suppression of Communism Act on 1 May 1950 and the subsequent massacre of 18 people on that day by the National Party regime that had come to power in 1948. Consequent to this, 26 June 1950 was observed with a stay-away as Freedom Day. This Freedom Day was observed again when the Defiance of Unjust Laws campaign was launched in 1952 and again in 1955 when the Freedom Charter was adopted on that date at the Congress of the People in Kliptown.

This is something to remember in what is now called “Heritage Month”. 26 June - our original Freedom Day, having to do with protests against the banning of the Communist Party - is not a Public Holiday in South Africa. 24 September was only made a public “Heritage Day” holiday at the insistence of the Inkatha Freedom Party (see here).

Govan Mbeki concludes this chapter with a very good section on the “Africanists”, in terms of events in which he himself, as he records, was involved in a major capacity. The first occasion was when the Africanists tried to hi-jack the ANC leadership from the Treason Trialists, taking advantage of the fact that they were locked up.

"Black exclusivism," says Mbeki, “presents a misguided solution”.

“What has characterised all groups that claimed to be opposed to government policies - groups that either broke away from the ANC like the PAC, or others like the Liberal Party, Unity Movement (NEUM), Inkatha and Black Consciousness Movement - has been that instead of opposing the government directly, they have mounted campaigns aimed at thwarting those initiated by the ANC,” writes Mbeki, and proceeds to tell the whole Sharpeville story, when 69 people were shot, fifty years ago, on 21 March 1960, and relates the immediate aftermath.

“At a meeting of the joint executives of the Congress Alliance in June 1961, the situation was reviewed and a decision was taken that in all future stay-at-homes, the possibility of the use of force could not be excluded,” writes Mbeki

To read Govan Mbeki’s book on-line, click here.

The question of armed struggle was settled by the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe on 16 December of that year, 1961.  In tomorrow’s item we will see how O R Tambo, as the President-General of the ANC, reflected upon all this heritage in 1969, which had also seen the adoption of the “Strategy and Tactics” document at the ANC’s Morogoro Conference.

Please download and read this text via the following link:

Govan Mbeki, The Struggle for Liberation in South Africa, 1992, Chapter 7 (7635 words)

Further reading:

Oliver Tambo, Broadcast on the 8th Anniversary of Umkhonto we Sizwe, 1969 (889 words)

Jabulani Nxumalo (Comrade Mzala) Cooking the Rice Inside the Pot, 1985 (3524 words)

Moses Kotane, ‘Cradock Letter’ to Johannesburg District Committee, 1934 (868 words)