Philosophy and
Religion, Part 1
Soul of
Socialism
In the Progress Publishers (Moscow) Dictionary of Philosophy
(1984 English edition) the Fundamental Question of Philosophy is defined as: “the question of the relationship of
consciousness to being, of thought to matter and nature, examined on two
planes, first, what is primary – spirit or nature, matter or consciousness –
and second, how is knowledge of the world related to the world itself, or to
put it differently, does consciousness correspond to being, is it capable of
truthfully reflecting the world?”
The Communist University takes this to mean the relationship
of Subject to Object (or of mind to matter) of which the Subject – meaning
ourselves, Humanity – is our primary concern and source of value, and therefore
our source of morality.
We take it from Christopher Caudwell that freedom
is the good that contains all good, and we take it from Marx and Engels in the Communist Manifesto that the free
development of each is the precondition for the free development of all. We
will contrast this view with the contradictory view, which is that matter can
be held as primary, and that human consciousness can be treated as derivative
of the material that contains it.
The principal dialectic of this set will proceed in this
way, without dogma and without closure.
Socialism’s Soul
Oscar Wilde [an image of him is above], perhaps with
assistance from the Communist Manifesto, saw that only from the free
development of each could come the free development of all, and that the
purpose of Socialism is therefore, as he put it, Individualism. Oscar Wilde’s “The Soul of Man Under
Socialism” (MS-Word format download linked below) is a very good text
to discuss, if people are ready for discussion. It is not necessary to read the
whole sixteen pages, but it is very rewarding to do so. Here are a few lines:
“The personality of man will be very
wonderful. It will be as wonderful as the personality of a child.
“In its development it will be assisted by
Christianity, if men desire that; but if men do not desire that, it will
develop none the less surely. For it will not worry itself about the past, nor
care whether things happened or did not happen. Nor will it admit any laws but
its own laws; nor any authority but its own authority. Yet it will love those
who sought to intensify it, and speak often of them. And of these Christ was
one.
“‘Know thyself’ was written over the portal
of the antique world. Over the portal of the new world, ‘Be thyself’ shall be
written. And the message of Christ to man was simply ‘Be thyself.’ That is the
secret of Christ.
“When Jesus talks about the poor he simply
means personalities, just as when he talks about the rich he simply means
people who have not developed their personalities.”
This is altogether a wonderful piece of writing, full of
wit, charm and surprising truth. It represents much of what the Communist
University aspires towards. May it please you to persevere with it.
- The above is to introduce the original reading-text: The Soul of Man under Socialism, 1891, Wilde.
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