CU Course on Hegel, 04c
Preface to the Phenomenology
On scientific knowledge
This, the Preface to Hegel’s “Phenomenology” (download linked below) is a full-length, full-strength reading of the difficult man’s own work. It has 72 numbered passages and 21485 words. It is longer than a normal Communist University reading text; the length could possibly be reduced for the next time this course is run.
Why the rush?
This is a good moment to remind readers that our Hegel course is still in creation. It is being sent out on a daily basis, as it is written, whereas in the normal way it would be spread out over ten weeks. The reason for rushing on this occasion is so as to complete the drafting of all CU courses by the end of 2010, so that the full programme can be scheduled for delivery in 2011, and announced before the year-end.
The Hegel course is the last of the full complement of twelve Communist University courses to be put together, and the fourth to have been completed this year. The other three new ones are the African Revolutionary Writers Series; The Classics; and Marx’s “Capital”, Volumes 2 and 3.
There is another consideration informing the timing of this course. Andy Blunden will be visiting South Africa and is to give a public lecture at Wits University in Braamfontein, Johannesburg on 21 February, 2011. The title of the lecture will be “Is Science a Humanity?” Andy is an expert on Hegel, among many other things. His lectures and choices of texts have formed the basis of this course of ours. Andy is also one of the principal drivers of the Marxist Internet Archive (MIA), which has underpinned the entire Communist University project from its beginning in 2003. Without that mighty resource at our disposal, what we have done could not have been done.
The Preface to the Phenomenology
For Hegel’s Phenomenology, MIA gives an Index, a fuller Contents page, the Preface, an Introduction, and the remainder of the work, in numbered passages up to number 808. In the spirit of Tony Buzan, let us show here the contents of the preface, listed within the main Contents but not yet in our downloadable document:
| Headings in Hegel’s “Preface to the Phenomenology” | ||
| Passages | Head # | Heading |
| 1-4 | | |
| 5-6 | The element of truth is the Concept and its true form the scientific system | |
| 7-12 | Present position of the spirit | |
| 13-16 | The principle is not the completion; against formalism | |
| 17 | The absolute is subject – | |
| 18-25 | – and what this is | |
| 26 | The element of knowledge | |
| 27-29 | The ascent into this is the Phenomenology of the Spirit | |
| 30-32 | The transformation of the notion and the familiar into thought ... | |
| 33-37 | – and this into the Concept/Notion | |
| 38-40 | In what way the Phenomenology of the Spirit is negative or contains what is false | |
| 41-46 | Historical and mathematical truth | |
| 47-49 | The nature of philosophical truth and its method | |
| 50-58 | Against schematizing formalism | |
| 58 | The demands of the study of philosophy | |
| 59 | Argumentative thinking in its negative attitude ... | |
| 60-67 | ... in its positive attitude; its subject | |
| 68-70 | Natural philosophizing as healthy common sense and as genius | |
| 71-72 | Conclusion: the author's relation to the public | |
This document is given for discussion. Like all the others, this blog-post or covering e-mail message is only intended as an opening to discussion and not as an explanation nor, least of all, as a didactic prescription. What we will do now is to give some short quotations from the document, but first just remark that it becomes clear why Andy Blunden recommends this document, because it contains some quite direct and straightforward statements by Hegel, which may well help us as we go along.
Extracts from Hegel’s “Preface to the Phenomenology”
Passage 2
“The more the ordinary mind takes the opposition between true and false to be fixed, the more is it accustomed to expect either agreement or contradiction with a given philosophical system, and only to see reason for the one or the other in any explanatory statement concerning such a system. It does not conceive the diversity of philosophical systems as the progressive evolution of truth; rather, it sees only contradiction in that variety.”
“The bud disappears when the blossom breaks through, and we might say that the former is refuted by the latter; in the same way when the fruit comes, the blossom may be explained to be a false form of the plant’s existence, for the fruit appears as its true nature in place of the blossom. These stages are not merely differentiated; they supplant one another as being incompatible with one another.”
“But the ceaseless activity of their own inherent nature makes them at the same time moments of an organic unity, where they not merely do not contradict one another, but where one is as necessary as the other; and this equal necessity of all moments constitutes alone and thereby the life of the whole.”
Passage 11
“… it is not difficult to see that our epoch is a birth-time, and a period of transition.”
“The spirit of man has broken with the old order of things hitherto prevailing, and with the old ways of thinking, and is in the mind to let them all sink into the depths of the past and to set about its own transformation. It is indeed never at rest, but carried along the stream of progress ever onward.”
“But it is here as in the case of the birth of a child; after a long period of nutrition in silence, the continuity of the gradual growth in size, of quantitative change, is suddenly cut short by the first breath drawn - there is a break in the process, a qualitative change and the child is born.”
Passage 12
“In the same way, science, the crowning glory of a spiritual world, is not found complete in its initial stages.”
Passage 13
“Intelligibility is the form in which science is offered to everyone, and is the open road to it made plain for all. To reach rational knowledge by our intelligence is the just demand of the mind which comes to science.”
Passage 17
“In my view - a view which the developed exposition of the system itself can alone justify everything depends on grasping and expressing the ultimate truth not as Substance but as Subject as well.”
Passage 23
“The need to think of the Absolute as subject, has led men to make use of statements like “God is the eternal”, the “moral order of the world”, or “love”, etc. In such propositions the truth is just barely stated to be Subject, but not set forth as the process of reflectively mediating itself with itself. In a proposition of that kind we begin with the word God. By itself this is a meaningless sound, a mere name; the predicate says afterwards what it is, gives it content and meaning: the empty beginning becomes real knowledge only when we thus get to the end of the statement. So far as that goes, why not speak alone of the eternal, of the moral order of the world, etc., or, like the ancients, of pure conceptions such as being, the one, etc., i.e. of what gives the meaning without adding the meaningless sound at all?”
Passage 27
“It is this process by which science in general comes about, this gradual development of knowing, that is set forth here in the Phenomenology of Mind. Knowing, as it is found at the start, mind in its immediate and primitive stage, is without the essential nature of mind, is sense-consciousness. To reach the stage of genuine knowledge, or produce the element where science is found - the pure conception of science itself - a long and laborious journey must be undertaken. This process towards science, as regards the content it will bring to light and the forms it will assume in the course of its progress, will not be what is primarily imagined by leading the unscientific consciousness up to the level of science: it will be something different, too, from establishing and laying the foundations of science; and anyway something else than the sort of ecstatic enthusiasm which starts straight off with absolute knowledge, as if shot out of a pistol...”
As much as Hegel is usually careful never to give an impression of summarising his work, yet here in this Preface are many statements of a rather concrete nature.
Please download and read this text via the link:
Further reading:
The Subject Matter of the Logic, Andy Blunden (4648 words)
Excerpts from Hegel's Logic (608 words)
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